VTNE Laboratory Procedures Practice Test – All Questions

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Casts in urine: why they break during processing and what that means for veterinary lab workWhich statement about casts is true?Hemolysis and lipemia are the main preanalytic problems that skew clinical chemistry resultsThe two most common problems encountered in samples to be evaluated for clinical chemistry are:Recognizing the target cell pattern on a blood smear in veterinary hematologyWhich cell is described as a central rounded area of hemoglobin surrounded by a clear zone, with a dense ring of hemoglobin around the periphery?

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Rouleaux formation is most commonly seen on blood smears from which species?
Hoover, a canine patient, was diagnosed with a urinary tract infection 2 weeks earlier and was placed on a course of amoxicillin. The veterinarian asked that he return for a recheck to ensure the infection has resolved. The collection method of choice in this patient would be
To avoid serum lipemia, how long should animals be fasted?
Which serum component can be used as a screening test for hypothyroidism?
A normal leukocyte count with an increase in immature neutrophils that outnumber mature neutrophils is:
Rouleaux formation is typically detected using which magnification level on a light microscope?
Which clotting disorder is stimulated by hypothyroidism?
What is tested in a minor crossmatch?
Which statement about the ELISA procedure is true?
Which blood chemistry test is used to measure cholangiocyte damage?
Which epithelial cell is the largest among those found in urine?
Which combination of urine findings provides presumptive evidence of a bacterial urinary tract infection?
Which of the following clinical tests may be influenced when a toxic dose of acetaminophen has been ingested?
Which parasite only uses the cat as its definitive host?
What cells are chiefly concerned with the production and secretion of antibodies?
After drawing a blood sample from an animal that has recently eaten, which sample condition is most likely?
Calcium carbonate crystals are commonly seen in which animal?
In horses, the blood chemistry tests most commonly used to evaluate liver function are:
What is the underlying cause of icterus?
Squamous epithelial cells are not normally seen in urine samples obtained by:
Which test evaluates the extrinsic coagulation pathway?
Bacterial endospores are:
Which parasite is known as the large American liver fluke?
Which of the following is not a disadvantage of using the PCR testing in equine medicine?
Which pig parasite can be diagnosed by muscle biopsy?
The first line of defense that the body has against foreign invaders is the:
Which marrow finding is consistent with a responsive anemia?
Which option would not affect a manual WBC count?
Which organism causes strangles in horses?
Which organism is a one-host tick?
An increased number of bands in the peripheral blood indicate:
Observing a 'zippy' motility in fresh feces is used to help diagnose the presence of which parasite?
Which factor is least likely to cause vaccine failure?
What is indicated by a neutrophil with a nucleus that has six lobes?
In a diabetic animal, which blood parameter is measured to monitor insulin therapy?
Bots are:
Which CBC finding is least likely in a patient with infection?
What is the term for red blood cell formation?
Dohle bodies are most commonly found in which type of blood cell?
Which term refers to an infestation of lice?
The two diagnostic forms of Giardia are cysts and trophozoites.
When reviewing a blood smear, you come across an erythrocyte that does not contain its full amount of hemoglobin. What is this known as?
What biochemical tests are not considered part of the primary hepatic profile?
Which statement about nucleated red blood cell (nRBC) correction is true?
Which practice is recommended to ensure accuracy when performing tests on serum samples?
In Gram staining, which group appears purple after the staining procedure?
Which erythrocyte index provides an indication of the average hemoglobin content per red blood cell?
Which action helps minimize evaporation of sample volume during collection and handling?
Which white blood cell type is most commonly associated with bacterial infections and phagocytosis?
Which cell produces antibodies?
A decrease in albumin may occur in cases experiencing:
Which of the following is an important function of bacterial flagella?
Which term describes a disease that is constantly present in a population?
All of the following cells are produced in the bone marrow, except which one?
A dog becomes infected with Dipylidium caninum by ingestion of which?
Improper handling of a blood sample after collection may result in which condition?
Which combination best describes substances that can cause chemical neutropenia in dogs?
Mr. Downing has brought in a urine sample from Cleo, his 6-year-old female spayed cocker spaniel. The color of the urine appears red. On centrifugation of the sample, you find that the supernatant is now clear. What was the most likely cause of the red color?
The mucin clot test is performed on:
Which parasite sucks blood from its host?
Where is the buffy coat found in a properly centrifuged blood sample?
Signs of immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (ITP) include all of these conditions, except:
The catalase test helps differentiate Staphylococcus from Streptococcus. What result would indicate Staphylococcus?
Which parasite lives on the skin surface?
A urine sample test shows leukocytes and nitrite positive; what is the most likely diagnosis?
Which statement best describes passive immunity?
Which of the following is not a malfunction of the immune system?
Aged urine samples left at room temperature and exposed to UV light may cause a false negative result in which one of the following biochemical tests?
The parasite that causes generalized pruritus is of the:
A common laboratory test for chronic pancreatitis is a fecal test for
In a minor crossmatch, which pairing is tested?
Iohexol clearance test determines estimated GFR in which animals?
Which tapeworm is the double-pore type?
In which species are erythrocytes elliptical, non-nucleated, and lacking a central pallor?
Which stain is used to prepare smears for viewing reticulocytes on the slide?
Howell-Jolly bodies are best described as:
When acetaminophen ingestion is suspected, which sample is not submitted?
Which laboratory value is commonly measured with BUN to assess kidney function?
The intermediate host for heartworms is the:
Sadie, a 17-year-old cat, is in final stages of chronic renal failure. On presentation, you anticipate that her urine specific gravity will probably be
What part of the CBC cannot be done manually with adequate accuracy?
Myasthenia gravis is commonly associated with which of the following conditions?
Prerenal azotemia is most often caused by dehydration or shock.
What sample is recommended for hemoglobin testing?
Centrifuging a blood sample at high speed for a prolonged period may result in which condition?
What is one possible site of extramedullary hematopoiesis in times of increased blood cell production?
During Gram staining, which compound is used as the counterstain?
In dehydration, what happens to hematocrit?
The parasite whose larvae enter the nasal cavity of sheep is which species?
An allergic response that is frequently life threatening is the result of which condition?
Which bacterium is most commonly associated with kennel cough in dogs?
Prerenal azotemia refers to:
Which of the following is least likely a clinical sign of allergies?
Which term indicates an abnormally high lymphocyte count?
Fat droplets in urine samples are most commonly seen in
The adult form of the parasite ---- is a fly, and the larval stage is an endoparasite.
What type of anemia is associated with icterus?
Which term describes the buildup of nitrogenous waste in the blood due to kidney dysfunction?
Fasciola hepatica is classified as which type of parasite?
Which stain is referred to as a supravital stain?
Serum electrolyte levels should be determined when evaluating the function of the:
Which of the following would be a prenatal route of pathogen transmission?
Kidney disease leads to the accumulation of metabolic waste in the blood, a condition known as:
Erythrocytes that are elliptical, not nucleated, and lack central pallor are most consistent with samples from which species?
Blood levels of total bilirubin will not be a significant finding in which condition?
What special stain would be used in assessing anemia?
Postrenal azotemia refers to:
In fecal analysis, increased fat content found on staining indicates Steatorrhea.
Pancytopenia is characterized by decreased numbers in which blood components?
What is the primary function of fibrinogen?
Blood chemistry analysis is commonly performed to evaluate function of which gland in an animal showing lethargy, obesity, mild anemia, infertility, and alopecia?
Which of the following best describes memory B cells in the immune response?
Which parasite forms warbles in cattle by larvae living in subcutaneous tissue?
Vaccines may be administered by any of the following routes, except?
Which parasite causes blood loss, especially in young animals?
When acetaminophen ingestion is suspected, which sample is not typically submitted?
During a glucose tolerance test, how do glucose levels typically behave in a diabetic animal?
When preparing a direct smear from feces, all of the following liquids can be mixed with feces, except:
Which factor would most likely cause a shift in quality-control data when a new reagent lot is introduced?
What color are blood collection tubes that contain heparin?
Combined immunodeficiency is a condition in which the animal fails to produce functioning which cells?
The acid-fast stain is primarily used to identify the organism responsible for which disease?
Nits are eggs of which parasite?
Which urine sediment component is most indicative of active urinary tract pathology when present in significant numbers?
Which serum color indicates high triglycerides in a canine patient?
What is the sequence of cells listed from most immature to most mature?
The parasite diagnosed by tracheal wash is:
Which organism is a common cause of sarcoptic mange in animals?
Cheyletiella mites hosts?
Scabies is caused by:
In canine patients, which cell type is considered a nonnucleated immature erythrocyte found in peripheral blood?
The brown dog tick is which species?
In the sequence of phagocytosis, which step comes after chemotaxis?
Urine from an animal with hematuria is most likely to be which of the following in terms of appearance?
Which characteristic is unique to Mycobacterium?
Pediculosis is an infestation of which organism?
Which parasite is an arthropod?
Which RBC index indicates cell size?
The function of hemolysins is to:
Which organ primarily produces erythropoietin in adults?
What test on the urine dipstick is the least useful in animals?
Which of these is not a random laboratory error?
The most common intermediate host of Taenia pisiformis is a which animal?
A fecal smear can be stained for fat. An increased amount of fat is indicative of:
If you count 40 reticulocytes per 1000 erythrocytes, what is the observed reticulocyte count?
Polyuria is:
Which component is absent in serum due to clotting processes?
Phagocytes include all of the following, except:
Which parasite uses the domestic cat specifically as its definitive host?
The most common uroliths found in feline and canine urine are:
Dirofilaria immitis is a which type of parasite?
A left shift is characterized by an increase in which cells?
Which gland is the most active producer of corticosteriods?
Viruses are best described as which type of parasite?
An example of capillary action is:
Total protein levels are --- in a dehydrated animal.
Which measurement determines the percentage of blood volume occupied by red blood cells?
Which parasite is known to cause trichinellosis in pigs?
Which parasite completes its life cycle on or in its host, often requiring no intermediate host?
Which of the following is a typical red blood cell change seen in autoimmune hemolytic anemia?
Which term describes reduced urine output often indicating dehydration or kidney problems?
The ELISA heartworm test kit detects the antigens of which heartworm stage?
Acquired active immunity results from which process?
Hemagglutination is
The calibrated device used to deliver a specified volume of patient sample when performing a blood chemistry analysis is known as a:
Which liver enzyme is often reported as elevated in horses relative to many other species?
In a dehydrated patient, urine specific gravity is typically:
Which factor decreases the sensitivity of the occult heartworm test?
Certain oxidant drugs can denature hemoglobin and cause the production of round structures in erythrocytes that are called:
Blood chemistry assays, including dye excretion, ammonia tolerance, and bile acid concentrations, are used to evaluate the function of the:
Which term corresponds to icterus?
The double-pore tapeworm is:
To separate serum, whole blood should be spun down in a centrifuge at:
An intestinal fluke is of the:
Active immunity refers to immunity generated by what mechanism?
Heinz bodies are composed of what?
In evaluating hepatic status, which component is more likely to assess kidney function rather than liver function?
What laboratory test evaluates primary hemostasis?
Which immunoglobulin subclass is most abundant in serum and mediates most systemic antibody responses?
To what color does 'icteric serum' refer?
In which of the following species is rouleaux formation common?
What is normally the largest mature blood cell in the peripheral blood of domestic species?
Which of the following would be considered a disadvantage of ELISA in some settings?
What method of urine sample collection would not be associated with traumatic hematuria?
Which organ stores blood and releases it into circulation when the body's oxygen demand increases?
An iodine scrub on skin would result in:
What color do Gram-negative organisms typically appear after Gram staining?
What color is icteric plasma?
Which parameter is commonly used to assess renal function and nitrogenous waste in the urine?
Which description best defines pollakiuria?
What are two examples of anticholinergic drugs?
On a Diff-Quik stained blood smear from an animal with regenerative anemia, which finding is most typical?
A urine specimen collected by free catch at 8 am and left at room temperature until the afternoon could be expected to have which change?
Is there a universal donor blood type in cats?
Which tube color, if filled with blood, should not be placed on a rocker?
Measurement of blood levels of amylase and lipase is used to evaluate the function of which organ?
If you count 60 reticulocytes per 1000 erythrocytes, what percent reticulocytes is this?
Which parasite is a large ciliate protozoan that may be found in swine feces?
Which term refers to reducing microbial load on living tissue?
The parasite diagnosed by examining urine is:
Haemobartonella felis is seen most commonly in the erythrocytes of:
Which laboratory finding is most directly associated with clotting disorders?
Which organism is frequently recovered from the ears of dogs with chronic otitis externa?
Which parasite is transmitted by fleas?
In diagnosing canine urinary issues, what collection method is preferred for accurate urine cultures?
Which parasite is a nematode?
Embryonated egg inoculation is a method used to culture which type of pathogens?
In bone metabolism assessment, which minerals are commonly measured?
Which organism exhibits fluorescence under ultraviolet light?
What is the primary purpose of mannitol salt agar in microbiology labs?
In dogs and cats, the blood chemistry tests most commonly used to evaluate liver function are:
Before beginning other diagnostics of the urine, a gross examination of urine is recommended.
Fresh frozen plasma can be stored up to ----- and still contain clotting factors.
Which test evaluates the intrinsic coagulation pathway?
Fibrinogen is produced in which organ?
Frozen fresh plasma (FFP) must be separated and frozen within ---- hours to maintain all coagulation factors in normal concentrations.
Which term describes destruction of red blood cells?
Anaphylactic shock is
Excessive white blood cells in the urine are referred to as what?
Which of the following would be considered an abnormal finding on healthy canine external ear canal cytology?
An ammonium biurate crystal is sometimes described as which appearance?
Which statement concerning fleas is true?
Which cytology preparation technique is most often used to produce even, flat samples for evaluation?
Which statement concerning passive immunity is least accurate?
Keeping the urine --- will keep struvite crystals dissolved in solution.
Which test value would indicate cholestasis when elevated?
Which is a breakdown product of hemoglobin?
The parasite also known as a winter tick is:
An alkaline urine pH can be the result of which condition?
Compared to roundworm ova, coccidia appear:
Which term describes variability in red blood cell shapes?
Which parasite is a cestode?
A monolayer of cells on a blood smear is best described as:
Ketonuria is not associated with which condition?
Casts in urine sediment originate where?
ELISA stands for which of the following?
Canine blood types are preceded by the letters "DEA". What do these letters stand for?
The main function of bicarbonate is to:
What is the appropriate amount of time for antibiotics to dissolve struvite crystals?
In cats, heartworms typically have a shorter lifespan than in dogs.
Struvite crystals are also known as.
Which statement about EDTA use in bone marrow samples is true?
Gram staining is classified as which type of stain?
Which parameter is used to evaluate liver function through bile acids measurements?
Which type of immune cell is primarily involved in the humoral immune response?
A normal white blood cell count with more immature neutrophils than mature neutrophils is called what?
Determination of which of the following is useful in the detection of inflammatory processes?
Which of these white blood cells migrate through tissue as macrophages and function to remove and destroy bacteria, damaged cells, and neoplastic cells?
Which tick is a single-host tick?
Which test is used to confirm a diagnosis of warfarin (rodenticide) toxicity?
A common finding in a stained blood smear from an animal with autoimmune hemolytic anemia is:
Laser-flow technology is used in:
Reticulocytes on a Wright-type stain appear as:
Which of the following is considered a tick-borne organism found in dogs?
Serology detects which of the following?
What cat blood type is considered the universal donor?
What does the term MAC stand for?
The urine of an animal with hematuria is likely to be:
Which organism may be identified as the swarming gram-negative bacterium on agar plates?
What laboratory test evaluates kidney function and is a breakdown product of protein?
Where on the blood smear would you select to start your WBC differential count?
Which cell is the earliest stage in erythropoiesis?
Serum chemistry tests for acute pancreatitis include:
Calcium carbonate crystals are often seen in which species?
Which crystal is commonly described as having a coffin-lid appearance?
Which term describes high lipid content in plasma?
Urine sediment: which statement is true?
Elevated amylase and lipase levels indicate dysfunction of which organ?
Which of the following is not zoonotic?
In what species is ketonuria most commonly found?
What species has multiple forms of reticulocytes?
Which of the following are not observed when a patient is in DIC?
Which of the following is a lentivirus?
Which urine collection method is least likely to yield contamination with squamous cells?
Dioctophyma renale is often found in the ---- of dogs.
Which of the following is not a method of culturing animal viruses?
Which fluid sample is the major vehicle for transporting toxins within the body?
Which is the most common type of urinary stone in cats and dogs?
Bile acids aid in digestion of which substance?
What is an example of enteral nutrition?
Which species includes common contaminants and is the causative agent of anthrax?
The parasite whose eggs are cemented to the hair of horses is which species?
What term describes plasma that appears white or milky?
Electrolytes are commonly measured by what method?
Which sample can be frozen and thawed for performing an analytic test at a later time?
Leukocytes in the urine sediment and a positive nitrite reaction on the urinary colorimetric strip provide presumptive evidence that the patient might have:
Crystals in urine sediment often indicate
Which staining method is commonly used to evaluate blood smears for regenerative anemia?
Glycosuria exists:
Which gram-negative species may swarm on a blood agar plate, forming a film over the surface?
Which cell type is most directly involved in phagocytosis in the innate immune response?
A nosocomial infection is defined as an infection that is acquired where?
In hematology, clots in an EDTA blood sample are:
The winter tick is which species?
To obtain a smear with an anemic blood sample, which technique adjustment is recommended?
Which breed of dog has the most problems with uric acid stones?
Which of the following tests is not included in a routine CBC?
Which organism is commonly associated with mastitis and skin infections and is frequently found in the environment?
Which is the correct progressive sequence of steps in phagocytosis?
In a healthy, hydrated, 4-year-old Labrador, what urine specific gravity would you expect?
What immunoglobulin is usually present in the greatest quantity?
Anuria is:
What urine sediment component would be of the most significant concern?
The parasite also known as the American dog tick is:
Ketone in urine indicates which condition?
What is the definition of hematopoiesis?
Escherichia coli is normally found in which anatomical location?
What causes dark granules called Dohle bodies in the cytoplasm of canine neutrophils?
Water deprivation test should never be performed on patients with:
Hyperkalemia is commonly associated with which endocrine disorder?
Which product stains fat?
Which parasite eggs have three pairs of hooklets?
For which of the following diagnostics is low-power magnification on the microscope not used?
What temperature must be reached and maintained for 13 minutes in a stream autoclave to destroy microorganisms?
Which finding may indicate dehydration on a hematology panel?
Serology tests can detect heartworm in the dog's blood:
Which of the following substances is used to evaluate kidney filtration and function, is excreted, and the in reabsorbed?
What canine parasite causes nodules in the esophagus and may become neoplastic?
Which centrifugation condition is commonly used to separate serum?
Osteoclasts originate from which hematopoietic cell lineage?
What is the smallest epithelial cell seen on a urine sediment examination?
Which is the most immature erythrocyte?
From which organ do digestive enzymes enter the small intestine?
Which sample condition cannot be minimized by proper animal preparation or sample collection?
The parasite diagnosed by examining blood is:
Which cytology technique is used to detect certain parasites in blood samples, such as microfilariae?
When performing urinalysis testing, the sample should be analyzed within --- minutes, or refrigeration is required.
Baylisascaris procyonis larvae have been shown to cause ----- in humans.
Puddin, a dehydrated cat, has urine specific gravity of 1.060. This SG value is most consistent with dehydration?
Which organ is evaluated by dye excretion, ammonia tolerance, and bile acid concentrations in routine blood chemistry tests?
Which gland is evaluated by measuring blood levels of T3 and T4?
In humans, Toxocara canis is the causative agent of which condition?
Combined immunodeficiency is a condition in which the animal fails to produce functioning
Which immunoglobulin is the only one that can cross the placenta?
The best urine sample from a housebroken dog for collection is typically collected when?
Which species has multiple forms of reticulocytes?
For proper calibration, which solution should be used to calibrate a refractometer?
In animals infected with heartworm, which blood cell type is likely elevated?
The main function of the neutrophil is:
The average urine specific gravity for a healthy adult cat is ------.
What anticoagulant is used to determine activated partial thromboplastin time and one-stage prothrombin time?
Which of these would not be associated with ketones in the urine?
The parasite also known as a lungworm is of the:
In a spun hematocrit, which component remains above the formed elements?
Xylitol ingestion may result in which phosphate abnormality?
The presence of which substance causes an icteric serum color?
RBCs with multiple, irregularly spaced projections are known as:
What is the morphology of Vibrio spp. bacteria according to the source material?
During an allergic response, sensitized cells produce in abnormal quantities when an allergen reappears after an initial exposure?
What is the function of a megakaryocyte?
The layer known as the buffy coat in a centrifuged blood sample contains which cells?
With the exception of cats, most animals have a total blood volume equivalent to ---- of their body weight.
What tissue processes B cells before they are sent to peripheral lymphoid tissue?
What is the most common cause of hypochromia in erythrocytes?
Pancytopenia is characterized by which description?
Which parameter is used to assess kidney concentrating ability and is often measured in urine analysis?
Acid-fast staining is used to identify bacteria such as which genus?
On a blood agar plate, an area of complete hemolysis is classified as which hemolysis type?
Secondary hemostasis refers to:
Which staining solution is used to stain fats in tissues?
What term indicates an abnormally low lymphocyte count?
Which of the following is commonly observed in disseminated intravascular coagulation?
If there is only a small amount of serum separated after centrifuging a tube of whole blood and you need more for testing, what should you do?
Which enzyme pair is typically used to screen for acute pancreatitis?
Which of the following is NOT considered an electrolyte?
Which set of substances is used to assess thyroid function by hormone levels?
In a degenerative left shift, which observation is most characteristic?
Which blood product must be separated and frozen within 8 hours to maintain all coagulation factors in normal concentrations?
Casts that are seen in urine sediment are
Which parasite is a flea?
Bilirubinuria is considered a normal finding in which species?
The parasite also known as a deer tick is:
Monocytes typically have:
Leukopenia is defined as:
During times of increased blood cell production, an extramedullary site of hematopoiesis may be the?
What test is used to diagnose autoimmune hemolytic anemia?
The presence of protein in the urine may indicate
Which finding on a blood smear is most consistent with a regenerative anemia?
Which of the following crystals is most likely found in the urine of an animal with ethylene glycol toxicity?
Which of the following is not a function of the lymphatic system?
A bacterial genus can best be described as:
Which immunoglobulin listed is most abundant in the bloodstream?
Which sample is used for measuring hemoglobin concentration in a laboratory CBC?
Which parasite causes blood loss, especially in young animals?
Which statement best describes impedance in analytic instruments?
Which organism is a common etiologic agent of ringworm?
Which factor can cause false decreases in serum glucose levels?
Which statement about creatinine is false?
Phagocytes are a type of:
The parasite that lives in ears is:
Which analyte is not measured by a standard urine dipstick?
Which type of blood sample is most appropriate for arterial blood gas analysis?
The parasite whose larvae form warbles in subcutaneous tissue along the backs of cattle is which species?
A good initial urinary screening test for suspected Cushing's disease is:
Which of these tubes must never be placed on a blood rocker after being filled with blood?
What is the major difference between serum and plasma?
What does an iohexol clearance test determine?
What are the two diagnostic forms of Giardia?
After a spun hematocrit test is completed, which of the following can be evaluated?
Arterial blood is most commonly used to analyze which parameter?
Which term describes yellow discoloration due to bilirubin breakdown, often seen in certain fluids?
What organ has both lymphatic and hematologic functions?
A rapid motility observed in freshly collected feces is most suggestive of infection with which protozoan?
Which statement about fleas is identified as true in the material?
A skin scraping will diagnose which parasite?
Which collection method minimizes contamination when obtaining urine for culture, when feasible?
Which statement best describes the two most common preanalytical interferences in clinical chemistry?
What test is routinely used to diagnose equine infectious anemia?
As a general rule, enough blood should be collected to run any test at least three times. This compensates for all of the following, except which?
What is the primary function of eosinophils?
What substance increases in the urine during glomerular disease?
Mucus in urine is normally seen in which species?
Which of the following is the best method of preservation if you are unable to perform a CBC within 1 hour of blood collection?
What is fructosamine best defined as?
The American dog tick is which species?
Which of the following options is least likely to interfere with blood chemistry test results?
The parasite also known as the kidney worm is of the:
What term describes erythrocytes with decreased hemoglobin content?
Which of the following is not a simple stain?
People may serve as intermediate hosts of
Measurement of TSH and ACTH evaluates the function of which gland?
Elevated bilirubin levels most commonly indicate dysfunction of which organ?
Ammonia is metabolized by the liver and eliminated by the kidneys. Levels of which metabolic byproduct of ammonia are measured to assess kidney function?
A total of 99% of the domestic shorthair cats in the United States have which blood type?
Which bacterial structure is primarily associated with attachment to surfaces?
The parasite also known as a brown dog tick is:
Which process is demonstrated by the movement of liquid into a narrow capillary tube?
A positive catalase test is indicated by which observation?
Which urinalysis component assesses the kidney's ability to concentrate or dilute urine?
A correction for nucleated red blood cells (nRBC) is done to avoid a falsely:
A left shift refers to increased numbers of:
Prolonged exposure of serum to the blood cells before the serum is removed from the clot can result in:
Oliguria is:
Which component of the Gram stain do Gram-negative bacteria retain?
Which organ detoxifies ammonia in the body?
Which of the following stimulates antibody production?
An MCV value below the normal reference range suggests
Which parasite is a trematode?
Buccal mucosal bleeding time is used to evaluate:
ELISA can detect which of the following?
A good presurgical screening test for von Willebrand disease is a(n):
Infection of this parasite via skin penetration.
Which erythrocyte index provides an indication of the average size of a red blood cell?
Urinary pH is not affected by the:
What is the most immature erythrocyte that can be identified in bone marrow?
The Coggins test is used to diagnose which disease?
Which compound is used as a kidney function indicator in birds and some dog breeds?
The most immature erythrocyte stage in normal maturation is called the rubriblast.
Denatured hemoglobin found in erythrocytes is referred to as a/an:
Which white blood cell is identified by rod-shaped granules in the cytoplasm?
The most useful way to report a WBC differential results is to report:
Which cell type is the primary source of macrophages after migrating into tissues to fight infection?
In urolithiasis, struvite crystals are primarily composed of which compound?
A serum sample that is extremely icteric derives its color from which analyte?
The average urine specific gravity for a healthy adult dog is ------.
Which of the following is NOT an electrolyte?
Stress and epinephrine release in cats might cause an increase in which parameter?
What large cell with multiple separate nuclei is found in bone marrow?
What parasite ova have three pairs of hooklets?
Blood in the urine is reported as:
Which mite is associated with a condition called walking dandruff in animals?
A neutrophil with a four-segmented nucleus would be classified as a:
A kidney function test found useful in birds and Dalmatian dogs is which?
Which of the following is not associated with a responsive anemia?
Which parasite is not zoonotic?
Reticulocytes on Wright-type stain appear as:
In which species are platelets normally larger than red blood cells?
The parasite also known as the large American liver fluke is of the:
The ACTH stimulation test evaluates function of which gland by measuring cortisol response?
Which virus family is associated with the formation of warts?
Which parasite causes a very pruritic disease in dogs?
Which error is not detectable through a quality-control program?
Regarding eosinophilia in parasitic infections, which statement is most accurate?
Which test assesses the number of platelets in a blood sample?
Calcium oxalate crystals are described as which appearance?
Which organism is a spirochete?
Which statement about urine specific gravity in healthy cats is true?
Impedance is:
A variation in erythrocyte size is known as:**
Struvite crystals are composed of which chemicals?
When using a centrifuge, which instruction is not recommended to follow every time you use it?
In spun hematocrit, which layer contains leukocytes and platelets?
Which of the following would indicate the presence of white blood cells in urine, i.e., pyuria?
Which statement about fructosamine is true?
Calibrating a refractometer should be performed with which liquid?
Which parasite is associated with esophageal nodules in dogs that may become neoplastic?
Fructosamine levels reflect the average blood glucose over approximately how many days?
In a dehydrated patient, which combination of urine specific gravity and PCV is most likely?
Prerenal azotemia is best described as which condition?
Which of the following is the largest intermediate form of a tapeworm?
Which epithelial cell type is the largest among those found in urine?
Which statement regarding casts is incorrect?
An increased number of band neutrophils in peripheral blood indicates which phenomenon?
What is the main constituent of a struvite crystal?
Which test is used to assess platelet function in a clinical setting?
Which urolith is becoming quite common in cats?
Which cells respond more quickly to a second antigen exposure than to the initial exposure?
The buccal mucosa bleeding time test assesses which parameter?
Glycosuria occurs when:
Which of the following is a disadvantage of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay?
During ACTH stimulation testing, which hormone is measured to assess adrenal function?
Which organism is an acid-fast bacillus?
Which organ is primarily responsible for producing fibrinogen?
When using a needle and syringe for blood collection, which practice reduces hemolysis?
Which index indicates the average hemoglobin content per red blood cell?
Which is the correct method to use when performing a serum bile acids assay?
For cytological evaluations of urine, which of the following conditions should be observed?
What parasite completes its life cycle on or in its host?
Which step is especially important when staining bone marrow smears with Diff-Quik?
Which statement about plasma collection for a blood chemistry analysis is false?
Green-top blood collection tubes are associated with which anticoagulant?
Which measure determines the average size of an erythrocyte?
Which option describes enteral nutrition?
The current test choice for evaluating liver function is:
The urine specific gravity of a healthy, hydrated Labrador is closest to which value?
Which serum appearance is typical of lipemic serum?
Which of these cells is the most mature?
Which option is not a sign of red blood cell regeneration?
What is the most immature cell in the granulocyte series?
For glucosuria to occur, which of the following must also be present?
Rouleaux formation is most commonly observed in which species based on routine blood smears?
A test that can be performed to help diagnose hyperthyroidism is:
Eosinophilia is commonly seen with a:
Which term describes reduced hemoglobin content in erythrocytes?
The Coombs test is used to diagnose which condition?
Which urinary stone is most associated with a urinary tract infection?
Pemphigus is a group of autoimmune disorders that affect which tissues?
Ketonuria is most commonly associated with what condition?
Kidney disease results in accumulation of metabolic waste in the blood, a condition known as:
In dehydration, urine specific gravity tends to be:
Which urine pH condition helps dissolve struvite crystals?
What is the name for a nonnucleated, immature erythrocyte found in small numbers in the peripheral blood of dogs?
In a healthy animal, diminished water intake or loss of water would result in ---- urine specific gravity.
What pH do most bacteria grow best at?
A glucose tolerance test is used to help diagnose:
Which organism is most likely to grow on mannitol salt agar?
The parasite whose adult resembles a whip and whose eggs have bipolar plugs is which species?
When collecting blood for a coagulation profile, it is especially important to:
In a spun hematocrit tube, the buffy coat lies between which two layers?
Which statement is true about Dirofilaria infection in the cat?
A hospital-acquired disease is known as:
Fructosamine is formed by glucose binding to which molecule?
Which immunoglobulin is most abundant in the serum and plays the major role in humoral immunity?
What term describes erythrocytes staining varying shades of lavender?
In which stage of the tick life cycle does it have six legs?
Which CBC parameter is considered the most accurate single value in a standard CBC?
Which organism is a common cause of mastitis, skin wounds, and abscesses and is also found in the environment?
Which liver function test combination is used in horses?
In veterinary parasitology, which organism is known to have an adult form that is a fly and a larval stage that is an endoparasite?
Xylitol ingestion may result in which phosphate abnormalities?
Chemistry evaluation of the kidney includes measurement of metabolic wastes in the blood in the form of:
Dipylidium caninum is classified as which type of parasite?
Which RBC index corresponds to mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration?
An attenuated vaccine is one in which:
How do transfusion reactions in the cat differ from transfusion reactions in the dog?
What part of the CBC is the most accurate procedure?
Which sign is associated with allergies?
Horses typically have higher ----- values than other species.
For obtaining a sterile urine sample for culture when cystocentesis is feasible, which combination of collection methods is commonly used?
Blood levels of total bilirubin are used primarily to evaluate the function of the:
Which of these parasites is a tapeworm?
Which protein is essential for clot formation by providing a fibrous mesh that traps cells?
Which parasite could cause anemia in horses through blood sucking?
Which procedure involves inserting a needle directly into the bladder through the abdominal wall to collect urine?
The etiologic agent of Lyme disease is:
Which parasite burrows into the skin?
A process that describes clumping of erythrocytes due to antigen-antibody interaction?
The parasite that infects the liver of its host is which species?
Which enzyme is elevated in the blood after acetaminophen toxicity?
Coagulation tests would be useful for diagnosing which condition?
Which organism has a waxy cell wall rich in mycolic acids, making it relatively resistant to dehydration and some antibiotics?
Most bacteria grow best at a pH of:
With significant dehydration in an otherwise healthy patient, which of the following would likely appear on a urinalysis and CBC?
What characteristic is not found in toxic neutrophils?
Which mineral pairing is typically assessed to evaluate bone metabolism disorders?
What parasite ova have bipolar plugs?
What is the half-life of fructosamine?
Which stain is commonly used on blood smears to visualize parasites?
What structure is normally found in the nuclei of immature blood cells?
Which of the following would be considered abnormal in healthy canine external ear canal cytology?
Which organism is a hair follicle inhabitant?
Total blood volume in most non-feline domestic animals is approximately what percent of body weight?
What appears as a blue spherical nuclear remnant seen in some Wright-stained erythrocytes?
Which organ conserves nutrients, removes waste products, maintains blood pH, and controls blood pressure?
Bile acids aid in the absorption of which of the following?
Painful urination is known as which term?
Which parasite lives in hair follicles?
In the western United States, which species is the most common harbor for the plague organism?
Which term describes variability in red blood cell size?
Pinkeye (contagious conjunctivitis) in cattle is most commonly caused by which organism?
Which white blood cell is known as the first line of defense after a microorganism has entered the body?
Protein in urine can be an indicator of which condition?
The red-top vacutainer tube should sit at room temperature for ---- before centrifugation, allowing a clot to form.
Which term describes the edge of a blood smear where cells are spread thinly?
Physical signs of hypocoagulation include all of the following, except:
Which parasite commonly referred to as a liver fluke infects the liver of its mammalian host?
Which organism is primarily associated with infestations on dogs, cats and rabbits?
Nonrenal causes of increased levels of urea might include:
What species causes a disease known as walking dandruff?
Which device is commonly used to demonstrate capillary action in hematology tests?
How long must the typical microhematocrit tube be centrifuged for packed cell volume determination?
Which organ releases T cells into circulation?
Which cell is not produced in the bone marrow?
Which cells are phagocytic?
A cat overhydrated with IV fluids would have which urine specific gravity?
The parasite whose larvae encyst in the subcutaneous tissue of rabbits is which species?
Which parasite is commonly referred to as the kidney worm?
Total bilirubin levels are not a significant finding in which condition?
Which laboratory finding is most directly indicative of thrombocytopenia?
The buffy coat in a spun hematocrit tube consists of:
Which parasite lives in the ears of animals?
Polyuria and polydipsia are not commonly seen in which endocrine disorder?
Chemical neutropenia may result from the ingestion of which drugs in dogs?
If EDTA is used for bone marrow samples, how quickly must slides be made?
Otodectes cynotis is a which type of organism?
Which characteristic is commonly found in toxic neutrophils?
Which statement about ELISA testing is true?
Which of the following test results are not determined by a urine dipstick?
Urine samples collected in the morning from housebroken dogs tend to be:
Which two pituitary hormones are commonly assessed to evaluate pituitary function?
A Dalmatian dog presents with urinary stones. Which stone type is most likely?
It is important to keep cytology samples and unstained slides away from which substance so that the samples can be stained properly later?
What are the two preferred methods of collecting a urine sample for culture?
Which statement best describes fructosamine?
GALT stands for a tissue involved in processing B cells before they reach peripheral lymphoid tissue. Which option represents GALT?
Which microorganism is the etiologic agent of ringworm?
Globally, which animal is commonly the reservoir host for plague?
What anticoagulant is used most commonly in animal-blood collection for CBCs?
During a glucose tolerance test, which pattern is expected in a diabetic animal?
Basophilic stippling is often associated with:
Which of these parasites is classified as a coccidia?
A leukocyte identified as an eosinophil with rod-shaped granules in the cytoplasm most likely comes from which species?
What is the best urine collection method to assess patency of the urethra?
Mucus is normally seen in ---- urine.
Which factor would not cause shifts or trends in quality-control data?
Paragonimus kellicotti is a:
Erythropoietin is produced in which organ?
Dohle bodies in neutrophils are most commonly associated with which condition?
Which cell type is chiefly responsible for production and secretion of antibodies?
Which anticoagulant is preferred for preserving blood for complete blood count analyses?
Prerenal azotemia is best described as?
Kennel cough in dogs is often caused by a combination of boarding at a kennel, a viral infection, and infection with which bacterium?
In a dehydrated animal, what change would you typically see in total protein levels?
Which of the following is a common finding on a blood smear from an animal with autoimmune hemolytic anemia?
Leukocytes and a positive nitrite reaction on urine strip provide evidence of what?
When preparing cytology samples for microscopic evaluation, what is the best technique to use?
Which of the following is the best time to collect a urine sample to evaluate the specific gravity of a canine patient?
Which parasite is diagnosed by vaginal washing?
A false positive test result is one in which the:
Immunity that is generated by an animal's immune system following exposure to a foreign antigen is referred to as:
Which instrument is used to determine packed cell volume by centrifugation?
Which of the following is NOT an important function of bacterial fimbriae?
Endotoxins are typically produced by which group?
The deer tick is which species?
A puppy infected with Dirofilaria immitis the day it is born will not test positive for heartworm microfilariae until it is ---- old.
Polychromasia on a blood smear indicates the presence of what?
Which serologic test is used to diagnose autoimmune hemolytic anemia?

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