VTNE Laboratory Procedures Practice Test

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• Which collection method minimizes contamination when obtaining urine for culture, when feasible?
• In bone metabolism assessment, which minerals are commonly measured?
• Phagocytes include all of the following, except:
• Which staining solution is used to stain fats in tissues?
• Which factor decreases the sensitivity of the occult heartworm test?
• Coagulation tests would be useful for diagnosing which condition?
• Which statement regarding casts is incorrect?
• The urine of an animal with hematuria is likely to be:
• What is the underlying cause of icterus?
• It is important to keep cytology samples and unstained slides away from which substance so that the samples can be stained properly later?
• Which type of immune cell is primarily involved in the humoral immune response?
• An increased number of bands in the peripheral blood indicate:
• Which immunoglobulin listed is most abundant in the bloodstream?
• Which is the most common type of urinary stone in cats and dogs?
• Which organism is a common cause of mastitis, skin wounds, and abscesses and is also found in the environment?
• Gram staining is classified as which type of stain?
• Which cell produces antibodies?
• The main function of the neutrophil is:
• Which organ stores blood and releases it into circulation when the body's oxygen demand increases?
• Which erythrocyte index provides an indication of the average size of a red blood cell?
• The parasite also known as the kidney worm is of the:
• A cat overhydrated with IV fluids would have which urine specific gravity?
• Which of the following would be considered an abnormal finding on healthy canine external ear canal cytology?
• Which of these parasites is classified as a coccidia?
• Physical signs of hypocoagulation include all of the following, except:
• Which parasite causes a very pruritic disease in dogs?
• During times of increased blood cell production, an extramedullary site of hematopoiesis may be the?
• Protein in urine can be an indicator of which condition?
• Which parasite is an arthropod?
• Which step is especially important when staining bone marrow smears with Diff-Quik?
• Which analyte is not measured by a standard urine dipstick?
• What is normally the largest mature blood cell in the peripheral blood of domestic species?
• In a healthy animal, diminished water intake or loss of water would result in ---- urine specific gravity.
• The best urine sample from a housebroken dog for collection is typically collected when?
• Which of the following is not associated with a responsive anemia?
• Certain oxidant drugs can denature hemoglobin and cause the production of round structures in erythrocytes that are called:
• Which immunoglobulin is most abundant in the serum and plays the major role in humoral immunity?
• The parasite also known as a winter tick is:
• Sadie, a 17-year-old cat, is in final stages of chronic renal failure. On presentation, you anticipate that her urine specific gravity will probably be
• If EDTA is used for bone marrow samples, how quickly must slides be made?
• What anticoagulant is used most commonly in animal-blood collection for CBCs?
• Which of the following is a typical red blood cell change seen in autoimmune hemolytic anemia?
• In spun hematocrit, which layer contains leukocytes and platelets?
• Canine blood types are preceded by the letters "DEA". What do these letters stand for?
• What temperature must be reached and maintained for 13 minutes in a stream autoclave to destroy microorganisms?
• Squamous epithelial cells are not normally seen in urine samples obtained by:
• A urine sample test shows leukocytes and nitrite positive; what is the most likely diagnosis?
• What is one possible site of extramedullary hematopoiesis in times of increased blood cell production?
• The parasite also known as a lungworm is of the:
• Total blood volume in most non-feline domestic animals is approximately what percent of body weight?
• Which RBC index indicates cell size?
• Glycosuria exists:
• Which of the following is NOT considered an electrolyte?
• When preparing a direct smear from feces, all of the following liquids can be mixed with feces, except:
• Bile acids aid in digestion of which substance?
• The parasite diagnosed by examining blood is:
• Which parasite eggs have three pairs of hooklets?
• Is there a universal donor blood type in cats?
• Which mineral pairing is typically assessed to evaluate bone metabolism disorders?
• What is the sequence of cells listed from most immature to most mature?
• What causes dark granules called Dohle bodies in the cytoplasm of canine neutrophils?
• Which crystal is commonly described as having a coffin-lid appearance?
• Which of the following is the best method of preservation if you are unable to perform a CBC within 1 hour of blood collection?
• Which of the following is not a function of the lymphatic system?
• Which of the following options is least likely to interfere with blood chemistry test results?
• The winter tick is which species?
• Which tube color, if filled with blood, should not be placed on a rocker?
• What part of the CBC is the most accurate procedure?
• To avoid serum lipemia, how long should animals be fasted?
• From which organ do digestive enzymes enter the small intestine?
• How do transfusion reactions in the cat differ from transfusion reactions in the dog?
• The average urine specific gravity for a healthy adult dog is ------.
• A bacterial genus can best be described as:
• What sample is recommended for hemoglobin testing?
• Active immunity refers to immunity generated by what mechanism?
• Which description best defines pollakiuria?
• Which parasite is associated with esophageal nodules in dogs that may become neoplastic?
• Reticulocytes on a Wright-type stain appear as:
• Which of the following is commonly observed in disseminated intravascular coagulation?
• Kidney disease leads to the accumulation of metabolic waste in the blood, a condition known as:
• Urine from an animal with hematuria is most likely to be which of the following in terms of appearance?
• If you count 40 reticulocytes per 1000 erythrocytes, what is the observed reticulocyte count?
• In horses, the blood chemistry tests most commonly used to evaluate liver function are:
• For obtaining a sterile urine sample for culture when cystocentesis is feasible, which combination of collection methods is commonly used?
• Which factor would not cause shifts or trends in quality-control data?
• Which of the following would be considered abnormal in healthy canine external ear canal cytology?
• Which parasite lives on the skin surface?
• Which stain is used to prepare smears for viewing reticulocytes on the slide?
• Serology tests can detect heartworm in the dog's blood:
• Which urine collection method is least likely to yield contamination with squamous cells?
• What is the appropriate amount of time for antibiotics to dissolve struvite crystals?
• Which parasite is a trematode?
• Prerenal azotemia is most often caused by dehydration or shock.
• Which characteristic is commonly found in toxic neutrophils?
• Which of the following is not a disadvantage of using the PCR testing in equine medicine?
• Which organism is a common etiologic agent of ringworm?
• Which marrow finding is consistent with a responsive anemia?
• Which of the following would indicate the presence of white blood cells in urine, i.e., pyuria?
• Buccal mucosal bleeding time is used to evaluate:
• Polychromasia on a blood smear indicates the presence of what?
• The two diagnostic forms of Giardia are cysts and trophozoites.
• Which term describes high lipid content in plasma?
• Which bacterial structure is primarily associated with attachment to surfaces?
• Leukocytes and a positive nitrite reaction on urine strip provide evidence of what?
• Which erythrocyte index provides an indication of the average hemoglobin content per red blood cell?
• What does the term MAC stand for?
• In hematology, clots in an EDTA blood sample are:
• Which term refers to an infestation of lice?
• Which parasite lives in the ears of animals?
• Which of the following is the largest intermediate form of a tapeworm?
• When using a needle and syringe for blood collection, which practice reduces hemolysis?
• Horses typically have higher ----- values than other species.
• Laser-flow technology is used in:
• Which of the following stimulates antibody production?
• Which statement best describes fructosamine?
• Pinkeye (contagious conjunctivitis) in cattle is most commonly caused by which organism?
• What parasite ova have bipolar plugs?
• Which parasite sucks blood from its host?
• Which of the following is NOT an important function of bacterial fimbriae?
• Hemagglutination is
• Which measurement determines the percentage of blood volume occupied by red blood cells?
• Bots are:
• Xylitol ingestion may result in which phosphate abnormalities?
• When performing urinalysis testing, the sample should be analyzed within --- minutes, or refrigeration is required.
• In urolithiasis, struvite crystals are primarily composed of which compound?
• When reviewing a blood smear, you come across an erythrocyte that does not contain its full amount of hemoglobin. What is this known as?
• Pancytopenia is characterized by which description?
• Calcium carbonate crystals are often seen in which species?
• Which of these cells is the most mature?
• Which CBC finding is least likely in a patient with infection?
• Which serum component can be used as a screening test for hypothyroidism?
• A left shift is characterized by an increase in which cells?
• Which mite is associated with a condition called walking dandruff in animals?
• Which parasite is diagnosed by vaginal washing?
• The first line of defense that the body has against foreign invaders is the:
• Which parasite is a flea?
• Which of these is not a random laboratory error?
• What color are blood collection tubes that contain heparin?
• A good initial urinary screening test for suspected Cushing's disease is:
• Which parasite is known as the large American liver fluke?
• The current test choice for evaluating liver function is:
• A common laboratory test for chronic pancreatitis is a fecal test for
• After a spun hematocrit test is completed, which of the following can be evaluated?
• Polyuria is:
• Water deprivation test should never be performed on patients with:
• Which organism is a spirochete?
• Calcium oxalate crystals are described as which appearance?
• Which test assesses the number of platelets in a blood sample?
• Iohexol clearance test determines estimated GFR in which animals?
• Which organism is an acid-fast bacillus?
• Kidney disease results in accumulation of metabolic waste in the blood, a condition known as:
• Ketonuria is most commonly associated with what condition?
• A leukocyte identified as an eosinophil with rod-shaped granules in the cytoplasm most likely comes from which species?
• Which term corresponds to icterus?
• Which serum appearance is typical of lipemic serum?
• Which parasite completes its life cycle on or in its host, often requiring no intermediate host?
• Kennel cough in dogs is often caused by a combination of boarding at a kennel, a viral infection, and infection with which bacterium?
• Which factor can cause false decreases in serum glucose levels?
• The catalase test helps differentiate Staphylococcus from Streptococcus. What result would indicate Staphylococcus?
• Which parasite is commonly referred to as the kidney worm?
• Which organ detoxifies ammonia in the body?
• Which immunoglobulin subclass is most abundant in serum and mediates most systemic antibody responses?
• The layer known as the buffy coat in a centrifuged blood sample contains which cells?
• Mr. Downing has brought in a urine sample from Cleo, his 6-year-old female spayed cocker spaniel. The color of the urine appears red. On centrifugation of the sample, you find that the supernatant is now clear. What was the most likely cause of the red color?
• The red-top vacutainer tube should sit at room temperature for ---- before centrifugation, allowing a clot to form.
• Immunity that is generated by an animal's immune system following exposure to a foreign antigen is referred to as:
• What is the name for a nonnucleated, immature erythrocyte found in small numbers in the peripheral blood of dogs?
• In a dehydrated patient, which combination of urine specific gravity and PCV is most likely?
• Which term describes the edge of a blood smear where cells are spread thinly?
• The parasite that infects the liver of its host is which species?
• Pediculosis is an infestation of which organism?
• What laboratory test evaluates primary hemostasis?
• The most immature erythrocyte stage in normal maturation is called the rubriblast.
• Urinary pH is not affected by the:
• Which factor is least likely to cause vaccine failure?
• Which statement about EDTA use in bone marrow samples is true?
• Hyperkalemia is commonly associated with which endocrine disorder?
• Which parasite causes blood loss, especially in young animals?
• What is indicated by a neutrophil with a nucleus that has six lobes?
• Prerenal azotemia is best described as?
• Which parasite only uses the cat as its definitive host?
• What appears as a blue spherical nuclear remnant seen in some Wright-stained erythrocytes?
• Pemphigus is a group of autoimmune disorders that affect which tissues?
• How long must the typical microhematocrit tube be centrifuged for packed cell volume determination?
• What is the best urine collection method to assess patency of the urethra?
• Which of the following is a lentivirus?
• The buffy coat in a spun hematocrit tube consists of:
• Which statement best describes impedance in analytic instruments?
• Frozen fresh plasma (FFP) must be separated and frozen within ---- hours to maintain all coagulation factors in normal concentrations.
• Which breed of dog has the most problems with uric acid stones?
• Which parasite causes blood loss, especially in young animals?
• In a minor crossmatch, which pairing is tested?
• Which statement best describes passive immunity?
• Which species includes common contaminants and is the causative agent of anthrax?
• In canine patients, which cell type is considered a nonnucleated immature erythrocyte found in peripheral blood?
• Aged urine samples left at room temperature and exposed to UV light may cause a false negative result in which one of the following biochemical tests?
• When acetaminophen ingestion is suspected, which sample is not submitted?
• Which of the following crystals is most likely found in the urine of an animal with ethylene glycol toxicity?
• What is tested in a minor crossmatch?
• In diagnosing canine urinary issues, what collection method is preferred for accurate urine cultures?
• The parasite whose larvae encyst in the subcutaneous tissue of rabbits is which species?
• Blood chemistry analysis is commonly performed to evaluate function of which gland in an animal showing lethargy, obesity, mild anemia, infertility, and alopecia?
• What is the function of a megakaryocyte?
• Which stain is commonly used on blood smears to visualize parasites?
• Which parasite is a cestode?
• Which of these tubes must never be placed on a blood rocker after being filled with blood?
• In veterinary parasitology, which organism is known to have an adult form that is a fly and a larval stage that is an endoparasite?
• Which cells are phagocytic?
• Which tick is a single-host tick?
• Monocytes typically have:
• The parasite whose eggs are cemented to the hair of horses is which species?
• The parasite that lives in ears is:
• Which is the correct progressive sequence of steps in phagocytosis?
• Casts that are seen in urine sediment are
• Most bacteria grow best at a pH of:
• Which test value would indicate cholestasis when elevated?
• Which is the correct method to use when performing a serum bile acids assay?
• Which species has multiple forms of reticulocytes?
• In a dehydrated patient, urine specific gravity is typically:
• The average urine specific gravity for a healthy adult cat is ------.
• Which immunoglobulin is the only one that can cross the placenta?
• Which characteristic is unique to Mycobacterium?
• ELISA can detect which of the following?
• What immunoglobulin is usually present in the greatest quantity?
• Which organism exhibits fluorescence under ultraviolet light?
• Which cell is not produced in the bone marrow?
• In animals infected with heartworm, which blood cell type is likely elevated?
• What characteristic is not found in toxic neutrophils?
• In the sequence of phagocytosis, which step comes after chemotaxis?
• Before beginning other diagnostics of the urine, a gross examination of urine is recommended.
• Which gland is the most active producer of corticosteriods?
• Prerenal azotemia is best described as which condition?
• Which sample condition cannot be minimized by proper animal preparation or sample collection?
• Which option would not affect a manual WBC count?
• Which enzyme is elevated in the blood after acetaminophen toxicity?
• In what species is ketonuria most commonly found?
• Which bacterium is most commonly associated with kennel cough in dogs?
• Which parasite is not zoonotic?
• A serum sample that is extremely icteric derives its color from which analyte?
• Combined immunodeficiency is a condition in which the animal fails to produce functioning which cells?
• The parasite whose adult resembles a whip and whose eggs have bipolar plugs is which species?
• The parasite also known as the American dog tick is:
• A left shift refers to increased numbers of:
• The ACTH stimulation test evaluates function of which gland by measuring cortisol response?
• What organ has both lymphatic and hematologic functions?
• Globally, which animal is commonly the reservoir host for plague?
• Which epithelial cell type is the largest among those found in urine?
• What color do Gram-negative organisms typically appear after Gram staining?
• An increased number of band neutrophils in peripheral blood indicates which phenomenon?
• An allergic response that is frequently life threatening is the result of which condition?
• Regarding eosinophilia in parasitic infections, which statement is most accurate?
• What biochemical tests are not considered part of the primary hepatic profile?
• What is the term for red blood cell formation?
• Reticulocytes on Wright-type stain appear as:
• Keeping the urine --- will keep struvite crystals dissolved in solution.
• A skin scraping will diagnose which parasite?
• Which of the following is not a method of culturing animal viruses?
• Which organ primarily produces erythropoietin in adults?
• What parasite completes its life cycle on or in its host?
• In which stage of the tick life cycle does it have six legs?
• Improper handling of a blood sample after collection may result in which condition?
• What is an example of enteral nutrition?
• Bacterial endospores are:
• Determination of which of the following is useful in the detection of inflammatory processes?
• People may serve as intermediate hosts of
• All of the following cells are produced in the bone marrow, except which one?
• What large cell with multiple separate nuclei is found in bone marrow?
• What type of anemia is associated with icterus?
• A fecal smear can be stained for fat. An increased amount of fat is indicative of:
• On a blood agar plate, an area of complete hemolysis is classified as which hemolysis type?
• The brown dog tick is which species?
• A false positive test result is one in which the:
• Which tapeworm is the double-pore type?
• Which centrifugation condition is commonly used to separate serum?
• Which cell type is the primary source of macrophages after migrating into tissues to fight infection?
• Blood in the urine is reported as:
• Which test is used to assess platelet function in a clinical setting?
• What is the primary purpose of mannitol salt agar in microbiology labs?
• Which sample is used for measuring hemoglobin concentration in a laboratory CBC?
• Ketonuria is not associated with which condition?
• What substance increases in the urine during glomerular disease?
• Which practice is recommended to ensure accuracy when performing tests on serum samples?
• Rouleaux formation is typically detected using which magnification level on a light microscope?
• Which fluid sample is the major vehicle for transporting toxins within the body?
• Which term describes the buildup of nitrogenous waste in the blood due to kidney dysfunction?
• Which sign is associated with allergies?
• Which laboratory value is commonly measured with BUN to assess kidney function?
• A correction for nucleated red blood cells (nRBC) is done to avoid a falsely:
• Signs of immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (ITP) include all of these conditions, except:
• Which serologic test is used to diagnose autoimmune hemolytic anemia?
• Which combination of urine findings provides presumptive evidence of a bacterial urinary tract infection?
• Paragonimus kellicotti is a:
• Impedance is:
• Crystals in urine sediment often indicate
• In a diabetic animal, which blood parameter is measured to monitor insulin therapy?
• Dioctophyma renale is often found in the ---- of dogs.
• Which term describes variability in red blood cell shapes?
• Which parasite is a large ciliate protozoan that may be found in swine feces?
• Which term describes reduced hemoglobin content in erythrocytes?
• Prolonged exposure of serum to the blood cells before the serum is removed from the clot can result in:
• The parasite also known as the large American liver fluke is of the:
• Fructosamine levels reflect the average blood glucose over approximately how many days?
• What special stain would be used in assessing anemia?
• Which organism is commonly associated with mastitis and skin infections and is frequently found in the environment?
• Ketone in urine indicates which condition?
• What is the definition of hematopoiesis?
• Which term describes reduced urine output often indicating dehydration or kidney problems?
• Which organism is primarily associated with infestations on dogs, cats and rabbits?
• What color is icteric plasma?
• When preparing cytology samples for microscopic evaluation, what is the best technique to use?
• If you count 60 reticulocytes per 1000 erythrocytes, what percent reticulocytes is this?
• Rouleaux formation is most commonly seen on blood smears from which species?
• An attenuated vaccine is one in which:
• Which of the following substances is used to evaluate kidney filtration and function, is excreted, and the in reabsorbed?
• Painful urination is known as which term?
• Anaphylactic shock is
• For which of the following diagnostics is low-power magnification on the microscope not used?
• Phagocytes are a type of:
• What is the smallest epithelial cell seen on a urine sediment examination?
• A common finding in a stained blood smear from an animal with autoimmune hemolytic anemia is:
• Calibrating a refractometer should be performed with which liquid?
• Which test evaluates the intrinsic coagulation pathway?
• Osteoclasts originate from which hematopoietic cell lineage?
• The parasite diagnosed by examining urine is:
• Leukopenia is defined as:
• Which statement concerning fleas is true?
• Elevated amylase and lipase levels indicate dysfunction of which organ?
• A process that describes clumping of erythrocytes due to antigen-antibody interaction?
• Which statement about the ELISA procedure is true?
• For glucosuria to occur, which of the following must also be present?
• In humans, Toxocara canis is the causative agent of which condition?
• The presence of which substance causes an icteric serum color?
• Calcium carbonate crystals are commonly seen in which animal?
• Which of the following is a disadvantage of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay?
• Which of the following is not zoonotic?
• Which of the following would be considered a disadvantage of ELISA in some settings?
• In which species are platelets normally larger than red blood cells?
• Which term describes a disease that is constantly present in a population?
• In dogs and cats, the blood chemistry tests most commonly used to evaluate liver function are:
• Which of the following is considered a tick-borne organism found in dogs?
• Which finding on a blood smear is most consistent with a regenerative anemia?
• Which microorganism is the etiologic agent of ringworm?
• Mucus is normally seen in ---- urine.
• The most useful way to report a WBC differential results is to report:
• Which white blood cell type is most commonly associated with bacterial infections and phagocytosis?
• What term describes erythrocytes with decreased hemoglobin content?
• A total of 99% of the domestic shorthair cats in the United States have which blood type?
• In dehydration, urine specific gravity tends to be:
• An MCV value below the normal reference range suggests
• Struvite crystals are composed of which chemicals?
• What are the two diagnostic forms of Giardia?
• In a spun hematocrit tube, the buffy coat lies between which two layers?
• Glycosuria occurs when:
• Serum chemistry tests for acute pancreatitis include:
• Which blood chemistry test is used to measure cholangiocyte damage?
• Oliguria is:
• Which option is not a sign of red blood cell regeneration?
• Which organism is frequently recovered from the ears of dogs with chronic otitis externa?
• Which of the following is not a simple stain?
• Denatured hemoglobin found in erythrocytes is referred to as a/an:
• Which instrument is used to determine packed cell volume by centrifugation?
• Which statement about fructosamine is true?
• Ammonia is metabolized by the liver and eliminated by the kidneys. Levels of which metabolic byproduct of ammonia are measured to assess kidney function?
• Which of the following is the best time to collect a urine sample to evaluate the specific gravity of a canine patient?
• The etiologic agent of Lyme disease is:
• What urine sediment component would be of the most significant concern?
• In cats, heartworms typically have a shorter lifespan than in dogs.
• Pancytopenia is characterized by decreased numbers in which blood components?
• Escherichia coli is normally found in which anatomical location?
• Myasthenia gravis is commonly associated with which of the following conditions?
• Leukocytes in the urine sediment and a positive nitrite reaction on the urinary colorimetric strip provide presumptive evidence that the patient might have:
• Which organism is a common cause of sarcoptic mange in animals?
• When acetaminophen ingestion is suspected, which sample is not typically submitted?
• The main function of bicarbonate is to:
• Where on the blood smear would you select to start your WBC differential count?
• What canine parasite causes nodules in the esophagus and may become neoplastic?
• Which liver enzyme is often reported as elevated in horses relative to many other species?
• Dipylidium caninum is classified as which type of parasite?
• Blood chemistry assays, including dye excretion, ammonia tolerance, and bile acid concentrations, are used to evaluate the function of the:
• What cat blood type is considered the universal donor?
• The most common intermediate host of Taenia pisiformis is a which animal?
• What is the primary function of fibrinogen?
• Embryonated egg inoculation is a method used to culture which type of pathogens?
• In a dehydrated animal, what change would you typically see in total protein levels?
• Total protein levels are --- in a dehydrated animal.
• Stress and epinephrine release in cats might cause an increase in which parameter?
• Measurement of blood levels of amylase and lipase is used to evaluate the function of which organ?
• Basophilic stippling is often associated with:
• Which urinalysis component assesses the kidney's ability to concentrate or dilute urine?
• Which two pituitary hormones are commonly assessed to evaluate pituitary function?
• Which blood product must be separated and frozen within 8 hours to maintain all coagulation factors in normal concentrations?
• When collecting blood for a coagulation profile, it is especially important to:
• Serology detects which of the following?
• A dog becomes infected with Dipylidium caninum by ingestion of which?
• Which of the following test results are not determined by a urine dipstick?
• Postrenal azotemia refers to:
• Which sample can be frozen and thawed for performing an analytic test at a later time?
• Total bilirubin levels are not a significant finding in which condition?
• Which cytology preparation technique is most often used to produce even, flat samples for evaluation?
• After drawing a blood sample from an animal that has recently eaten, which sample condition is most likely?
• Which test is used to confirm a diagnosis of warfarin (rodenticide) toxicity?
• Which measure determines the average size of an erythrocyte?
• Which procedure involves inserting a needle directly into the bladder through the abdominal wall to collect urine?
• Fibrinogen is produced in which organ?
• Which organ is evaluated by dye excretion, ammonia tolerance, and bile acid concentrations in routine blood chemistry tests?
• Which action helps minimize evaporation of sample volume during collection and handling?
• Eosinophilia is commonly seen with a:
• Electrolytes are commonly measured by what method?
• What is the morphology of Vibrio spp. bacteria according to the source material?
• Which gland is evaluated by measuring blood levels of T3 and T4?
• Which statement best describes the two most common preanalytical interferences in clinical chemistry?
• What species has multiple forms of reticulocytes?
• Which CBC parameter is considered the most accurate single value in a standard CBC?
• Which finding may indicate dehydration on a hematology panel?
• Which organism may be identified as the swarming gram-negative bacterium on agar plates?
• What method of urine sample collection would not be associated with traumatic hematuria?
• Which organism has a waxy cell wall rich in mycolic acids, making it relatively resistant to dehydration and some antibiotics?
• Acquired active immunity results from which process?
• Cheyletiella mites hosts?
• Baylisascaris procyonis larvae have been shown to cause ----- in humans.
• What tissue processes B cells before they are sent to peripheral lymphoid tissue?
• Which stain is referred to as a supravital stain?
• Which cytology technique is used to detect certain parasites in blood samples, such as microfilariae?
• In a degenerative left shift, which observation is most characteristic?
• For cytological evaluations of urine, which of the following conditions should be observed?
• Which of the following is NOT an electrolyte?
• Haemobartonella felis is seen most commonly in the erythrocytes of:
• What is the major difference between serum and plasma?
• Which statement about creatinine is false?
• An ammonium biurate crystal is sometimes described as which appearance?
• Combined immunodeficiency is a condition in which the animal fails to produce functioning
• Which urolith is becoming quite common in cats?
• An intestinal fluke is of the:
• Which organism is most likely to grow on mannitol salt agar?
• The ELISA heartworm test kit detects the antigens of which heartworm stage?
• Which of the following tests is not included in a routine CBC?
• During ACTH stimulation testing, which hormone is measured to assess adrenal function?
• The parasite diagnosed by tracheal wash is:
• Which cell is the earliest stage in erythropoiesis?
• Which component is absent in serum due to clotting processes?
• Fresh frozen plasma can be stored up to ----- and still contain clotting factors.
• Endotoxins are typically produced by which group?
• Urine samples collected in the morning from housebroken dogs tend to be:
• Which term describes variability in red blood cell size?
• Which laboratory finding is most directly associated with clotting disorders?
• Heinz bodies are composed of what?
• Which clotting disorder is stimulated by hypothyroidism?
• Which parasite is transmitted by fleas?
• During Gram staining, which compound is used as the counterstain?
• A nosocomial infection is defined as an infection that is acquired where?
• Which combination best describes substances that can cause chemical neutropenia in dogs?
• A puppy infected with Dirofilaria immitis the day it is born will not test positive for heartworm microfilariae until it is ---- old.
• Which organ conserves nutrients, removes waste products, maintains blood pH, and controls blood pressure?
• Which of these parasites is a tapeworm?
• A normal white blood cell count with more immature neutrophils than mature neutrophils is called what?
• Puddin, a dehydrated cat, has urine specific gravity of 1.060. This SG value is most consistent with dehydration?
• Dohle bodies in neutrophils are most commonly associated with which condition?
• Which is a breakdown product of hemoglobin?
• With the exception of cats, most animals have a total blood volume equivalent to ---- of their body weight.
• Which statement about urine specific gravity in healthy cats is true?
• An iodine scrub on skin would result in:
• Which term indicates an abnormally high lymphocyte count?
• Which index indicates the average hemoglobin content per red blood cell?
• Fasciola hepatica is classified as which type of parasite?
• The mucin clot test is performed on:
• The parasite whose larvae form warbles in subcutaneous tissue along the backs of cattle is which species?
• What structure is normally found in the nuclei of immature blood cells?
• What species causes a disease known as walking dandruff?
• A glucose tolerance test is used to help diagnose:
• Which statement concerning passive immunity is least accurate?
• Xylitol ingestion may result in which phosphate abnormality?
• Which of the following would be a prenatal route of pathogen transmission?
• GALT stands for a tissue involved in processing B cells before they reach peripheral lymphoid tissue. Which option represents GALT?
• Erythropoietin is produced in which organ?
• Which parasite could cause anemia in horses through blood sucking?
• The presence of protein in the urine may indicate
• Which urinary stone is most associated with a urinary tract infection?
• Secondary hemostasis refers to:
• Chemical neutropenia may result from the ingestion of which drugs in dogs?
• Which option describes enteral nutrition?
• Nits are eggs of which parasite?
• Which anticoagulant is preferred for preserving blood for complete blood count analyses?
• Which of the following is an important function of bacterial flagella?
• In Gram staining, which group appears purple after the staining procedure?
• A hospital-acquired disease is known as:
• Bile acids aid in the absorption of which of the following?
• Struvite crystals are also known as.
• Which parameter is used to assess kidney concentrating ability and is often measured in urine analysis?
• Which compound is used as a kidney function indicator in birds and some dog breeds?
• Which term refers to reducing microbial load on living tissue?
• The intermediate host for heartworms is the:
• Which parasite is a nematode?
• An alkaline urine pH can be the result of which condition?
• Which product stains fat?
• Which of the following best describes memory B cells in the immune response?
• What is the most immature erythrocyte that can be identified in bone marrow?
• Which urine sediment component is most indicative of active urinary tract pathology when present in significant numbers?
• What part of the CBC cannot be done manually with adequate accuracy?
• The double-pore tapeworm is:
• Which white blood cell is known as the first line of defense after a microorganism has entered the body?
• The urine specific gravity of a healthy, hydrated Labrador is closest to which value?
• Fructosamine is formed by glucose binding to which molecule?
• Which statement is true about Dirofilaria infection in the cat?
• Which component of the Gram stain do Gram-negative bacteria retain?
• Elevated bilirubin levels most commonly indicate dysfunction of which organ?
• Which set of substances is used to assess thyroid function by hormone levels?
• Which of these white blood cells migrate through tissue as macrophages and function to remove and destroy bacteria, damaged cells, and neoplastic cells?
• What test is routinely used to diagnose equine infectious anemia?
• The American dog tick is which species?
• Which parasite commonly referred to as a liver fluke infects the liver of its mammalian host?
• A positive catalase test is indicated by which observation?
• What laboratory test evaluates kidney function and is a breakdown product of protein?
• Acid-fast staining is used to identify bacteria such as which genus?
• Dirofilaria immitis is a which type of parasite?
• To separate serum, whole blood should be spun down in a centrifuge at:
• Anuria is:
• The function of hemolysins is to:
• The parasite also known as a brown dog tick is:
• Which statement about fleas is identified as true in the material?
• Which organism is a hair follicle inhabitant?
• Which factor would most likely cause a shift in quality-control data when a new reagent lot is introduced?
• The parasite whose larvae enter the nasal cavity of sheep is which species?
• What anticoagulant is used to determine activated partial thromboplastin time and one-stage prothrombin time?
• The Coggins test is used to diagnose which disease?
• What test on the urine dipstick is the least useful in animals?
• The acid-fast stain is primarily used to identify the organism responsible for which disease?
• In fecal analysis, increased fat content found on staining indicates Steatorrhea.
• Howell-Jolly bodies are best described as:
• A urine specimen collected by free catch at 8 am and left at room temperature until the afternoon could be expected to have which change?
• Arterial blood is most commonly used to analyze which parameter?
• Which parasite is known to cause trichinellosis in pigs?
• Compared to roundworm ova, coccidia appear:
• In evaluating hepatic status, which component is more likely to assess kidney function rather than liver function?
• RBCs with multiple, irregularly spaced projections are known as:
• The parasite that causes generalized pruritus is of the:
• Which of the following is not a malfunction of the immune system?
• Which statement about plasma collection for a blood chemistry analysis is false?
• Polyuria and polydipsia are not commonly seen in which endocrine disorder?
• Casts in urine sediment originate where?
• What does an iohexol clearance test determine?
• Which parameter is used to evaluate liver function through bile acids measurements?
• Which is the most immature erythrocyte?
• An example of capillary action is:
• A good presurgical screening test for von Willebrand disease is a(n):
• Which type of blood sample is most appropriate for arterial blood gas analysis?
• Which organism is a one-host tick?
• The buccal mucosa bleeding time test assesses which parameter?
• Which parasite forms warbles in cattle by larvae living in subcutaneous tissue?
• Which statement about ELISA testing is true?
• Which parameter is commonly used to assess renal function and nitrogenous waste in the urine?
• Where is the buffy coat found in a properly centrifuged blood sample?
• Otodectes cynotis is a which type of organism?
• Which of these would not be associated with ketones in the urine?
• With significant dehydration in an otherwise healthy patient, which of the following would likely appear on a urinalysis and CBC?
• What cells are chiefly concerned with the production and secretion of antibodies?
• Excessive white blood cells in the urine are referred to as what?
• Which gram-negative species may swarm on a blood agar plate, forming a film over the surface?
• Nonrenal causes of increased levels of urea might include:
• Which device is commonly used to demonstrate capillary action in hematology tests?
• Hoover, a canine patient, was diagnosed with a urinary tract infection 2 weeks earlier and was placed on a course of amoxicillin. The veterinarian asked that he return for a recheck to ensure the infection has resolved. The collection method of choice in this patient would be
• Which laboratory finding is most directly indicative of thrombocytopenia?
• A neutrophil with a four-segmented nucleus would be classified as a:
• Green-top blood collection tubes are associated with which anticoagulant?
• Which staining method is commonly used to evaluate blood smears for regenerative anemia?
• If there is only a small amount of serum separated after centrifuging a tube of whole blood and you need more for testing, what should you do?
• In the western United States, which species is the most common harbor for the plague organism?
• During an allergic response, sensitized cells produce in abnormal quantities when an allergen reappears after an initial exposure?
• Chemistry evaluation of the kidney includes measurement of metabolic wastes in the blood in the form of:
• What pH do most bacteria grow best at?
• What is the most immature cell in the granulocyte series?
• In a healthy, hydrated, 4-year-old Labrador, what urine specific gravity would you expect?
• Erythrocytes that are elliptical, not nucleated, and lack central pallor are most consistent with samples from which species?
• Which epithelial cell is the largest among those found in urine?
• What is the half-life of fructosamine?
• A variation in erythrocyte size is known as:**
• Mucus in urine is normally seen in which species?
• Which parasite burrows into the skin?
• In which of the following species is rouleaux formation common?
• The deer tick is which species?
• Which cell type is most directly involved in phagocytosis in the innate immune response?
• Viruses are best described as which type of parasite?
• Which organ is primarily responsible for producing fibrinogen?
• ELISA stands for which of the following?
• Centrifuging a blood sample at high speed for a prolonged period may result in which condition?
• What are two examples of anticholinergic drugs?
• What term describes erythrocytes staining varying shades of lavender?
• A normal leukocyte count with an increase in immature neutrophils that outnumber mature neutrophils is:
• In dehydration, what happens to hematocrit?
• Which virus family is associated with the formation of warts?
• Blood levels of total bilirubin will not be a significant finding in which condition?
• Which protein is essential for clot formation by providing a fibrous mesh that traps cells?
• In which species are erythrocytes elliptical, non-nucleated, and lacking a central pallor?
• To what color does 'icteric serum' refer?
• Which cells respond more quickly to a second antigen exposure than to the initial exposure?
• Dohle bodies are most commonly found in which type of blood cell?
• What are the two preferred methods of collecting a urine sample for culture?
• Urine sediment: which statement is true?
• Which RBC index corresponds to mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration?
• To obtain a smear with an anemic blood sample, which technique adjustment is recommended?
• What is the most common cause of hypochromia in erythrocytes?
• Which test evaluates the extrinsic coagulation pathway?
• Which parasite lives in hair follicles?
• What is fructosamine best defined as?
• Which white blood cell is identified by rod-shaped granules in the cytoplasm?
• A test that can be performed to help diagnose hyperthyroidism is:
• During a glucose tolerance test, which pattern is expected in a diabetic animal?
• What parasite ova have three pairs of hooklets?
• The parasite also known as a deer tick is:
• As a general rule, enough blood should be collected to run any test at least three times. This compensates for all of the following, except which?
• Bilirubinuria is considered a normal finding in which species?
• For proper calibration, which solution should be used to calibrate a refractometer?
• What is the main constituent of a struvite crystal?
• Which serum color indicates high triglycerides in a canine patient?
• A kidney function test found useful in birds and Dalmatian dogs is which?
• What term describes plasma that appears white or milky?
• Which term describes yellow discoloration due to bilirubin breakdown, often seen in certain fluids?
• Which urine pH condition helps dissolve struvite crystals?
• The adult form of the parasite ---- is a fly, and the larval stage is an endoparasite.
• The most common uroliths found in feline and canine urine are:
• Serum electrolyte levels should be determined when evaluating the function of the:
• Which enzyme pair is typically used to screen for acute pancreatitis?
• Blood levels of total bilirubin are used primarily to evaluate the function of the:
• Observing a 'zippy' motility in fresh feces is used to help diagnose the presence of which parasite?
• Which pig parasite can be diagnosed by muscle biopsy?
• Which parasite uses the domestic cat specifically as its definitive host?
• The calibrated device used to deliver a specified volume of patient sample when performing a blood chemistry analysis is known as a:
• Which of the following clinical tests may be influenced when a toxic dose of acetaminophen has been ingested?
• Which statement about nucleated red blood cell (nRBC) correction is true?
• Fat droplets in urine samples are most commonly seen in
• What term indicates an abnormally low lymphocyte count?
• Rouleaux formation is most commonly observed in which species based on routine blood smears?
• Which term describes destruction of red blood cells?
• A decrease in albumin may occur in cases experiencing:
• Which organ releases T cells into circulation?
• On a Diff-Quik stained blood smear from an animal with regenerative anemia, which finding is most typical?
• Which cell type is chiefly responsible for production and secretion of antibodies?
• Which error is not detectable through a quality-control program?
• Measurement of TSH and ACTH evaluates the function of which gland?
• Which of the following is a common finding on a blood smear from an animal with autoimmune hemolytic anemia?
• What is the primary function of eosinophils?
• When using a centrifuge, which instruction is not recommended to follow every time you use it?
• Scabies is caused by:
• The Coombs test is used to diagnose which condition?
• Which of the following is least likely a clinical sign of allergies?
• Infection of this parasite via skin penetration.
• A Dalmatian dog presents with urinary stones. Which stone type is most likely?
• Which organism causes strangles in horses?
• What test is used to diagnose autoimmune hemolytic anemia?
• Which process is demonstrated by the movement of liquid into a narrow capillary tube?
• A rapid motility observed in freshly collected feces is most suggestive of infection with which protozoan?
• A monolayer of cells on a blood smear is best described as:
• During a glucose tolerance test, how do glucose levels typically behave in a diabetic animal?
• Prerenal azotemia refers to:
• Which of the following are not observed when a patient is in DIC?
• Which liver function test combination is used in horses?
• Vaccines may be administered by any of the following routes, except?
• In a spun hematocrit, which component remains above the formed elements?